{"id":1615,"date":"2021-11-30T19:15:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T19:15:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615"},"modified":"2022-01-21T16:27:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-21T16:27:09","slug":"chassis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615","title":{"rendered":"Chassis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Topics<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f5704321356\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f5704321356\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Background\" >Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Space_frame\" >Space frame<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Front\" >Front<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Double_wishbone_suspension\" >Double wishbone suspension<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Cockpit\" >Cockpit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Bulkhead\" >Bulkhead<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1615\/#Rear\" >Rear<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The early Morgan 3-wheelers were all very light and relatively simple machines.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1616\" style=\"width: 1167px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1616\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1616\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1157\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame.png 1157w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame-330x152.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame-1024x473.png 1024w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-chassis-frame-768x354.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1157px) 100vw, 1157px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morgan ladder chassis circa 1930 (green highlights steel frame including leaf spring rear support)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The steel that supports the suspension and body is surprisingly sparse: basically two parallel bars in an &#8220;H&#8221; ladder frame with a few attachments to hold up the mudguards and stabilize the wheels. The aluminum skin is primarily held in place with an extensive laminated wood skeleton.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1620\" style=\"width: 977px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/morgan-wood-frame.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1620\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1620\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/morgan-wood-frame.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"967\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/morgan-wood-frame.png 967w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/morgan-wood-frame-330x212.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/morgan-wood-frame-768x494.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cut-away model showing wood frame supports for aluminum body (courtesy of David Jones)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>While the new Morgan 3-wheeler retains some wood parts, the chassis has now evolved into a modern space frame design &#8230; and for good reason.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1624\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-space-frame.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1624\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1624\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-space-frame-330x235.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-space-frame-330x235.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Morgan-space-frame.png 608w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morgan 3 space frame (Speedhunters)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Modern suspension, steering, and brake systems produce significantly different frame stresses, as do much higher horsepower engines. What once resembled a bicycle frame grafted onto a 19th century English carriage has now evolved into a high strength space frame to handle a new set of design challenges.<\/p>\n<p>While our Aero Moto\u2122 exterior skin will closely resemble the vintage pre-war cyclecars, our unseen chassis will be quite different as we follow the development path suggested by Morgan&#8217;s recent experience.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Space_frame\"><\/span>Space frame<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The space frame conceptually followed the early 20th century ladder construction. Well designed space frames arrange tubular section to handle either tension or compression forces. The majority of bespoke vehicles use space frames because they can be made in small production runs.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, a monocoque one-piece chassis is used by almost all major car manufacturers today (but not Morgan!) since it can be mass produced in an automated assembly.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Front\"><\/span>Front<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The front engine bay section of the frame has mounting points for a double wishbone (also referred to as <em>A-arm<\/em>) suspension, shock absorbers, steering rack, and &#8212; of course &#8212; the engine block. In addition, there are pads for mounting the large front headlights and turn signal indicators.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1627\" style=\"width: 1116px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1627\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1627\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1106\" height=\"846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front.png 1106w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front-330x252.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front-1024x783.png 1024w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-front-768x587.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1106px) 100vw, 1106px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aero Moto front space frame design with major mounting points<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Just behind the rear engine bolt mount are two brackets for the <a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/?p=1418#Gear_shifting\">gear shift linkage<\/a>. Beyond the firewall separation, a separate box-like mount is provided for the reverse gearbox.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Double_wishbone_suspension\"><\/span>Double wishbone suspension<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A double wishbone suspension utilizes A-shaped arms; each arm has two mounting points on the chassis and one joint at the knuckle that locates the wheel. The shock absorber connects to the frame and bottom wishbone.<\/p>\n<p>Double wishbone designs are expensive but enable more precise control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel via camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll center height, and scrub radius. Most high performance vehicles use this kind of setup.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1641\" style=\"width: 682px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wishbones.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1641\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wishbones.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wishbones.png 672w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wishbones-330x321.png 330w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wishbone and shock positioning on frame<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The bespoke wishbone design is fabricated using a TIG welder.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cockpit\"><\/span>Cockpit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The front and rear sections of the frame are separated by a firewall in the front and a bulkhead in the rear that defines the cockpit area with a tunnel running up the middle.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1649\" style=\"width: 1217px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1649\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1649\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1207\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1.png 1207w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1-330x242.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1-1024x751.png 1024w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cockpit-1-768x563.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1207px) 100vw, 1207px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cockpit with dash and center tunnel<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The dash has a camel double hump shape that follows the fiberglass scuttle cover contour.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bulkhead\"><\/span>Bulkhead<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A bulkhead separates the cockpit from the rear section of the frame.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1636\" style=\"width: 1440px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1636\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1636\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1430\" height=\"1086\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead.png 1430w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead-330x251.png 330w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead-1024x778.png 1024w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bulkhead-768x583.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1430px) 100vw, 1430px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aero Moto rear bulkhead (blue lines indicate shock tower support)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Steel bar supports for the tunnel extend out from the bulkhead. The circular cutout is the pass-through for the drive shaft\/swing arm U-joint mating. The suspension tower for the rear twin shock absorbers is behind the bulkhead and surrounded by the beetleback curved bar infrastructure.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rear\"><\/span>Rear<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The rear suspension, unlike the front, is borrowed from the Moto Guzzi motorcycle, including the swing arm, bevel gear, and rear wheel. Two brackets are provided for new twin rear shock absorbers which are required because the original Guzzi ones are too short. The swing arm pivot pins fit into either side of the frame much like on the original cycle. The drive shaft U-joint that originally connected directly to the transmission gear poking through the engine case now fits into a rear wall mount where it joins an extended drive shaft.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1630\" style=\"width: 829px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-rear.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1630\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1630\" src=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-rear.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"819\" height=\"893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-rear.png 819w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-rear-303x330.png 303w, https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chassis-rear-768x837.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1630\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aero Moto rear with major mounting points<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Note that the rear rounded beetleback end of the frame can be detached to facilitate servicing of the rear wheel without the need to lift the entire chassis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background The early Morgan 3-wheelers were all very light and relatively simple machines. The steel that supports the suspension and body is surprisingly sparse: basically two parallel bars in an &#8220;H&#8221; ladder frame with a few attachments to hold up the mudguards and stabilize the wheels. The aluminum skin is primarily&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1615"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1810,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1615\/revisions\/1810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krissmotors.com\/aero\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}